TypeScript

This guide stems from the Getting Started guide.

TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. In this guide we will learn how to integrate TypeScript with webpack.

Basic Setup

First install the TypeScript compiler and loader by running:

npm install --save-dev typescript ts-loader

Now we'll modify the directory structure & the configuration files:

project

  webpack-demo
  |- package.json
+ |- tsconfig.json
  |- webpack.config.js
  |- /dist
    |- bundle.js
    |- index.html
  |- /src
    |- index.js
+   |- index.ts
  |- /node_modules

tsconfig.json

Let's set up a simple configuration to support JSX and compile TypeScript down to ES5...

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "./dist/",
    "noImplicitAny": true,
    "module": "es6",
    "target": "es5",
    "jsx": "react",
    "allowJs": true
  }
}

See TypeScript's documentation to learn more about tsconfig.json configuration options.

To learn more about webpack configuration, see the configuration concepts.

Now let's configure webpack to handle TypeScript:

webpack.config.js

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/index.ts',
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.tsx?$/,
        use: 'ts-loader',
        exclude: /node_modules/,
      },
    ],
  },
  resolve: {
    extensions: [ '.tsx', '.ts', '.js' ],
  },
  output: {
    filename: 'bundle.js',
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
  },
};

This will direct webpack to enter through ./index.ts, load all .ts and .tsx files through the ts-loader, and output a bundle.js file in our current directory.

Now lets change the import of lodash in our ./index.ts due to the fact that there is no default export present in lodash definitions.

./index.ts

- import _ from 'lodash';
+ import * as _ from 'lodash';

  function component() {
    const element = document.createElement('div');

    element.innerHTML = _.join(['Hello', 'webpack'], ' ');

    return element;
  }

  document.body.appendChild(component());

To make imports do this by default and keep import _ from 'lodash'; syntax in TypeScript, set "allowSyntheticDefaultImports" : true and "esModuleInterop" : true in your tsconfig.json file. This is related to TypeScript configuration and mentioned in our guide only for your information.

Loader

ts-loader

We use ts-loader in this guide as it makes enabling additional webpack features, such as importing other web assets, a bit easier.

Source Maps

To learn more about source maps, see the development guide.

To enable source maps, we must configure TypeScript to output inline source maps to our compiled JavaScript files. The following line must be added to our TypeScript configuration:

tsconfig.json

  {
    "compilerOptions": {
      "outDir": "./dist/",
+     "sourceMap": true,
      "noImplicitAny": true,
      "module": "commonjs",
      "target": "es5",
      "jsx": "react",
      "allowJs": true
    }
  }

Now we need to tell webpack to extract these source maps and include in our final bundle:

webpack.config.js

  const path = require('path');

  module.exports = {
    entry: './src/index.ts',
+   devtool: 'inline-source-map',
    module: {
      rules: [
        {
          test: /\.tsx?$/,
          use: 'ts-loader',
          exclude: /node_modules/,
        },
      ],
    },
    resolve: {
      extensions: [ '.tsx', '.ts', '.js' ],
    },
    output: {
      filename: 'bundle.js',
      path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
    },
  };

See the devtool documentation for more information.

Using Third Party Libraries

When installing third party libraries from npm, it is important to remember to install the typing definition for that library. These definitions can be found at TypeSearch.

For example if we want to install lodash we can run the following command to get the typings for it:

npm install --save-dev @types/lodash

For more information see this blog post.

Importing Other Assets

To use non-code assets with TypeScript, we need to defer the type for these imports. This requires a custom.d.ts file which signifies custom definitions for TypeScript in our project. Let's set up a declaration for .svg files:

custom.d.ts

declare module "*.svg" {
  const content: any;
  export default content;
}

Here we declare a new module for SVGs by specifying any import that ends in .svg and defining the module's content as any. We could be more explicit about it being a url by defining the type as string. The same concept applies to other assets including CSS, SCSS, JSON and more.

Build Performance

This may degrade build performance.

See the Build Performance guide on build tooling.